Linguistic Religion
by Nirjhar Chakravorti
Can language be termed as a kind of religion if we go by
the logic that religion is a particular way of life which drive human being to
club together to practice common rituals and live life with some common minimum
understanding?
Even though language doesn't call for practicing any
ritual, but it has a strong power to bring a group of people under a common
platform and act together. If we see closely, we'll found most of the nations,
states or sub states have been built based on language only (ofcourse there are
other background as well for formation of many states). So language, even
though it's purpose is different, but has lots of features what religion
demands. One very contradictory fact can be interestingly observed
about language and its effect on human life. In one way, language helps people
to communicate and come close to each other; but at the same time, in contrary,
it creates gap between people in broader sense and encourage people to
disintegrate on larger scale!
Language is
a medium to walk through a hidden knowledge reservoir generated by socio -
cultural evolution of human survival in a particular region. Nowadays,
scientists are worried for the extinction of some of the languages,
particularly the languages of Australian tribes for the reason that with the
languages their knowledge kingdom also will have a natural death. In a
simple way, we can say that language is a part of a bigger socio - cultural
heritage.
Before
monolithic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) surfaced on earth,
people had their god or goddess of their own choices. For example, Greece had
many gods (like Poseidon, Apollo etc) before Christianity swept away all
of them. In Roman Bath, UK there are temple of Goddess Aqua Sulis, who had
devotees before Christ. Olympic game (taken from Mycenae culture) remains till
today as a cultural heritage taken from them. Therefore, the religion changes
but culture remains. It is said that in case of Muslims in Bengali community,
as a whole, you will find most of them converted to Islam under the threats and
oppression of Upper Caste people or in some cases may be by influence or
pressure from Muslim rulers. So, they have changed their belief on god from one
form to another. But their socio-cultural behavior largely remains the same. In
villages in Bengal, many cultures, language and many other customs are same as
before. For example, in Sundarban, there is a god - "Bonbibi" for all
cutting across the barrier of caste, creed and religion. It represents the
common cultural practices and rituals of the people who inhibit within a
certain geographical diameter and speak a common language. More interesting
observations on linguistic rituals are found amongst the Bengali speaking
people. Bengali is a very unique language which has few distinct
characteristics. Bengali is spoken by people of two neighbouring countries.
Bengali is national language of Bangladesh which fought it's freedom based on
linguistic identity only and got separated from Pakistan in 1972 by sacrificing
life of freedom fighters. During the time when British left India, present
Bangladesh became part of Pakistan as majority of the people in the demography
were Muslim and the division of India and Pakistan happened based on religious
majority basis where Pakistan was formed with people who followed Islam whereas
India was a Hindu major country even though India was successful to retain a
secular identify. The official language of the states of India, like West
Bengal and Tripura is Bengali where majority of people is Hindu. But still this
vast geography of West Bengal, Bangladesh and Tripura follow few common days
with same spirit like Bengali New Year Day, Birthday of Nobel Laureate Poet
Rabindranath Tagore, etc despite of political, religious and other differences.
Here language become a predominant force to bring people of varied interests
under a common umbrella and encourage them to follow few unique rituals which
is purely based on linguist identify.
These are few examples which call for deeper insight in
linguistic identity of people and power of language to bring people in a common
platform by practicing certain rituals.
Also, in
this context another phenomenon to be considered this is changing linguistic
behaviour of people of certain demography. For example, language of many
Phillipines Island is Tagalog. However, with the growing catholic influence
over the time and tendency of a vast majority of people to go out of country
for seeking jobs, English is becoming more practiced language among a mass community.
Even though Tagalog is still practiced widely, but English is also becoming
popular amongst new generations. So it's a linguistic transformation of a vast
demography which is an interesting subject to follow. The same tendency can be
followed amongst the people of Wales where English is gaining more popularity
amongst newer generation than practicing Welsh language. In India also, a
certain portion of people started practicing English as major language than
their mother tongue. Even with the growing influence of English there are
cultural shift from traditional rituals to rituals followed by western
countries. Even people of so-called Hindu or Buddhist or other religions
started celebrating X-Mas with new spirit as ritual. Also the modus of birthday
celebration with cakes and candles becoming part of culture in India which is
neither part of Indian Sanskrit culture nor part of Hinduism nor Sikh nor any
other prevailing religious school of India. So linguistic transformation of a
community is also bringing change in behavioural pattern of the people which is
interesting subject to study.
Thus there can be more discussion on effect of language on demography
and whether language can be predominant identity of people than their so-called
religious identity. It may in other word encourage people to treat language as
a kind of religion which have potential to end up so-called craziness that is
going to create new problems across the globe in everyday life. For example,
there is constant threat of global terrorism which is encouraged by particular
religion, which is a real damage to the human civilization. Also, there is
pseudo war sponsored by certain religion which try to destroy the cultural
fabric of the entire world by different means (starting from terrorism to so
called appeal for peace in the name of religion whichever suits to a particular
country or region) and globally impose medieval socio-cultural behavior of an under
developed region. Most importantly sometimes extremists and terrorists are promoted
as leader of the religious centers and get involved in religious teaching to
misguide people by camouflaging about the intent of that religion. If
linguistic based culture is promoted as religion, then these extremist attempts
will not be successful as their will not be real need for so called religious
leaders. In the context of this
discussion another interesting factor also needs to be evaluated which
encourages linguistic or local extremism like problem of Northern Ireland,
issues between Srilankan mainland inhabitants and Tamils, Outburst of Burmese
population against Rohingya’s religious terrorists and their entire community,
Voice of Catalonia, etc.
Also it needs to be studied more regarding reaction of
so-called religious schools and their leaders if there is a conscious effort to
promote linguistic and regional identity more predominantly as part of religion
than so-called religious identity. Also, this concept of linguistic religion
and its feasibility needs to be discussed and evaluated by different academic, global
political and social platforms.